The research findings of psychologists have greatly increased our understanding of why people and animals behave as they do. Research in psychology seeks to understand and explain thought, emotion, feelings, or behavior. Other methods include interviews, questionnaires, clinical studies, surveys, and observation-looking for cause-and-effect relationships between events and for broad patterns of behavior. Psychologists sometimes gather information and evaluate behavior through controlled laboratory experiments, hypnosis, biofeedback, psychoanalysis, or psychotherapy, or by administering personality, performance, aptitude, or intelligence tests. Research methods vary with the topic which they study, but by and large, the chief techniques used are observation, assessment, and experimentation. But unlike other social science disciplines, psychologists often concentrate on individual behavior and, specifically, in the beliefs and feelings that influence a person’s actions. Like other social scientists, psychologists formulate theories, or hypotheses, which are possible explanations for what they observe. Through such research studies, psychologists have learned much that can help increase understanding between individuals, groups, organizations, institutions, nations, and cultures. To do this, psychologists often look for patterns that will help them understand and predict behavior using scientific methods, principles, or procedures to test their ideas. Psychologists study mental processes and human behavior by observing, interpreting, and recording how people and other animals relate to one another and the environment.
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